Sophia Dharma: Jurnal Filsafat, Agama Hindu, dan Masyarakat

Nominalisme dan Gugatannya terhadap Universalitas dalam Pemikiran Realisme Metafisik

2024-04-24T03:40:36+07:00

This article is based on qualitative research in the field of philosophy.
The data used in this study are literature data related to the research
object. The method of philosophical hermeneutics is used in the analysis
process by placing the perspective of nominalism as the formal object,
while the view of universality from the perspective of metaphysical
realism as the material object. The results of this research are as follows:
1) Nominalism is a metaphysical stream that rejects abstract and
universal entities, unlike the perspective of metaphysical realism which
refers to the Platonic scheme. 2) Nominalism places concepts as
theoretical constructions that must correspond to concrete experience,
rejecting the universal ideas held by realism. Nominalism emphasizes
that the attributes of concrete objects originate from the objects
themselves, not from universal entities. 3) Nominalism is related to
language issues. It emphasizes theoretical simplicity and rejects
excessive entities in articulating the similarity between objects.

Kajian Nilai Sosio Religius Pada Upacara Pattidāna Masyarakat Buddha

2024-04-17T00:57:19+07:00

The death commemoration ceremony or pattidāna in Buddhism is a ceremony that has been carried out for generations by Buddhists, it is very interesting to research so that it can reveal its socio-religious values. The
qualitative approach used in this research is phenomenology, considering that this research examines religious phenomena descriptively. There are two sources of data in this research, namely primary data sources obtained through interviews with the Buddhist community in Selorejo Village, Ngunut District, Tulungagung Regency. The results of this research reveal that the Pattidāna ceremony contains several socio religious values, including social values, religious moderation values and spiritual values. Social values are reflected in joint efforts in preparing food, drinks and various types of offerings voluntarily. The value of religious moderation can be seen in the neighbors and relatives who come to help with the pattidāna
prayer process, not only Buddhists, but also from various religions including Islam, Christianity and Catholicism. Spiritual values appear during the preparation, implementation and after completion of the
pattidāna ceremony, giving rise to a strong belief that the power of the good deeds that have been carried out provide happiness in itself which is actually part of spiritual maturity.

Manusia dan Kebebasan dalam Fenomena Childfree Ditinjau dari Perspektif Filsafat Eksistensialisme Jean-Paul Sartre

2024-04-20T09:29:01+07:00

This research explores the phenomenon of childfree in the light of Jean-Paul Sartre’s philosophy of existentialism. In Sartre’s view, the absolute freedom of the individual is at the core of human existence, and the decision not to have children can be interpreted as the most fundamental expression of individual freedom. This research aims to investigate how the concepts of freedom and responsibility in Sartre’s existentialism shape human understanding of the childfree phenomenon. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a philosophical hermeneutic approach. The data in this study were obtained through library research and also critical reflection. The results showed that the childfree decision is a real manifestation of individual freedom in shaping the meaning of life. The childfree decision can also be based on the understanding that happiness or life fulfilment does not always depend on the role of parenthood. The concept of responsibility, as described by Sartre, plays an important role in making such decisions. As an individual or childfree couple can freely determine priorities and life values that suit their desires. This research is expected to provide additional insights related to childfree life choices and contribute to the understanding of existentialism philosophy in the context of human life decisions.

Relevansi Konstruktivisme Sosial Lev Vygotsky terhadap Kurangnya Peran Orang Tua dalam Pendidikan Moral Anak di Indonesia

2024-04-27T09:30:54+07:00

This article is based on a qualitative research in the field of philosophy of education, using social constructivism theory as the formal object and the phenomenon of the lack of parental role in children's moral education in Indonesia as the material object. Data were obtained through a literature review of works related to the objects. The author of this article aims to understand the relevance of social constructivism theory in the thinking of Lev Vygotsky regarding the lack of parental role in children's moral education in Indonesia. The results of the analysis lead to the following conclusions: 1) Social constructivism theory emphasizes the importance of social interaction in the formation of children's or individuals' knowledge structures. This theory originated from a Russian philosopher and psychologist named Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky introduced the concept of the zone of proximal development to indicate the actual development level of a child compared to their potential development level under adult guidance. 2) The lack of parental role in children's moral education has implications for the hindered social and moral development of children. Based on Lev Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, there is a need for active parental guidance in providing moral guidance to children, not only by teaching moral concepts but also by being living examples of those values.

Pendekatan Etika Teleologi dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Tindak Aborsi

2024-04-24T19:11:05+07:00

Abortion is the removal of a living fetus from a mother's womb
through human intervention before birth by killing her. This
abortion phenomenon certainly has many pros and cons,
especially regarding ethics. The aim of this research is to look at
abortion decision making from a teleological ethical perspective.
The form of this research is qualitative, with the research
method being a library research study. The material object of
this research is abortion and the formal object is teleological
ethics. The methodology used is interpretation, description,
verstehen, heuristics, hermeneutics, reflection. The results of
this research provide an overview of teleological ethics in
making decisions about abortion, namely as long as the abortion
produces the desired happiness, the action is permissible.
Abortion based on teleological ethics is permitted for medical
reasons, but apart from medical reasons, abortion should not be
carried out.