Dimensi Teologis Tantra Di Nusantara: Sebuah Kajian Literatur
Abstract
This study explores the theological dimensions of Tantra in the Nusantara through a systematic literature review. Applying the PEOS framework and PRISMA guidelines, articles were screened from Google Scholar and GARUDA using the keywords “Tantra,” “Tantrayāna,” “Nusantara,” “ritual,” and “theology,” restricted to publications between January 1, 2020, and August 15, 2025. Four articles met the criteria for analysis. Results indicate that Tantric theology is reflected in the Śiva-Śakti principle, the body as microcosm, cosmic energy, and ritual instruments such as mantra, mudrā, and yantra. Integration occurred via symbolic assimilation, iconography, and daily practice. The study demonstrates that Tantra is not only an esoteric tradition but also a theological foundation shaping Hindu-Buddhist spirituality in the Nusantara.
References
Acri, A., & Rosati, P. E. (Eds.). (2023). Tantra, magic, and vernacular religions in Monsoon Asia: Texts, practices, and practitioners from the margins. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003375921
Dewi, N. M. E. K. (2025). Jejak historis Tantrayāna di Pura Dalem Dasar Purwa Desa Pengastulan Kabupaten Buleleng. Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu, 9(2), 112–128. https://doi.org/10.37329/jpah.v9i2.3501
Suamba, I. B. P. (2025). Tantric elements in Balinese Hindu rituals. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 15(1), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2025.v15.i01.p16
Suputra, P. A. P. (2025). Tantra dan transendensi dalam Usadha Bali: Eksplorasi filsafat praktis dalam lontar pengobatan. Genta Hredaya, 9(1), 55–70.
https://journal.stahnmpukuturan.ac.id/index.php/genta/article/view/1051
B. Pendukung
Acri, A. (2011). Dharma Pātañjala: A Śaiva scripture from ancient Java. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814311946
Acri, A. (2016). The Sanskrit–Old Javanese Tutur literature from Bali: Theoretical foundations of Śaivism in ancient Indonesia. Archipel, 91(1), 57–127. https://doi.org/10.4000/archipel.421
Acri, A. (2021). Horror, transgression, and power: The "demonic numinous" in the Tantra-influenced literatures and visual arts of Java and Bali. Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, 107, 1–50. https://doi.org/10.4000/befeo.6372
Acri, A. (2024). Śaivism in premodern Java (c. 700–1500). In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.690
Dyczkowski, M. S. G. (1987). The doctrine of vibration: An analysis of the doctrines and practices of Kashmir Śaivism. SUNY Press.
Flood, G. (2006). The tantric body: The secret tradition of Hindu religion. I. B. Tauris.
McDaniel, J. (2020). Mysticism among the pedandas of Bali. Religions, 11(11), 585. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11110585
Padoux, A. (2011). Tantric mantras: Studies on mantras and their uses. Routledge.
Samuel, G. (2008). The origins of yoga and tantra: Indic religions to the thirteenth century. Cambridge University Press.
Sanderson, A. (2009). The Śaiva age: The rise and dominance of Śaivism during the early medieval period. In E. Franco & I. Ratié (Eds.), Genesis and development of Tantrism (pp. 41–350). Institut für Indologie, Universität Wien.
Smart, N. (1998). The world’s religions. Cambridge University Press.
Supomo, S. (1977). Arjunawiwaha: An Old Javanese poem. Bibliotheca Indonesica.
White, D. G. (Ed.). (2000). Tantra in practice. Princeton University Press.
Zoetmulder, P. J. (1995). Kalangwan: Sastra Jawa Kuna selayang pandang. Djambatan.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
.jpg)
